The Well-Being of Sport Fans
Predicting Personal Life Satisfaction and Social Life Satisfaction
Keywords:
Team identification Sport fandom well-beingAbstract
Previous research has found a positive correlation between sport team identification and social life satisfaction (Wann & Pierce, 2005). However, relationships among sport fandom, team identification, and personal and social life satisfaction had yet to be examined. Based on the Team Identification - Social Psychological Health Model (Wann, 2006), it was hypothesized that team identification would be a significant predictor of social life satisfaction but not personal life satisfaction, while general sport fandom would be a significant predictor of personal life satisfaction but not social life satisfaction. The results provided support for the hypothesized patterns of effects although, unexpectedly, identification was a significant predictor of personal life satisfaction as well as social life satisfaction.
References
Bule, B., & Frings, D. (2016). The role of group membership continuity and multiple memberships on mental well-being amongst post-operative stoma patients. Psycho-Oncology, 25, 726-728. doi:10.1002/pon.4006
Cruwys, T., Dingle, G. A., Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., & Morton, T. A. (2013). Social group memberships protect against future depression, alleviate depression symptoms and prevent depression relapse. Social Science & Medicine, 98, 179-186. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.013
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Dwyer, B., Lupinek, J. M., & Achen, R. M. (2018). Challenge accepted: Why women play fantasy football. Journal of Sport Management, 32, 376-388. doi:10.1123/jsm.2017-0313
Haslam, C., Holme, A., Haslam, S. A., Iyer, A., Jetten, J., & Williams, W. H. (2008). Maintaining group memberships: Social identity continuity predicts well-being after stroke. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18, 671-691.
Inoue, Y., Sato, M., Filo, K., Du, J., & Funk, D. C. (2017). Sport spectatorship and life satisfaction: A multi-country investigation. Journal of Sport Management, 31, 419-432. doi:10.1123/jsm.2016-0295
Keyes, C. L. M. (1998). Social well-being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 61, 121-140.
Keyes, C. L. M., & Lopez, S. J. (2001). Toward a science of mental health: Positive directions in diagnosis and interventions. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 45-59). New York: Oxford.
Larsen, R., & Buss, D. M. (2018). Personality psychology domains of knowledge about human nature (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill Education.
Leary, M. R., Kelly, K. M., Cottrell, C. A., & Schreindorfer, L. S. (2013). Construct validity of the Need to Belong Scale: Mapping the nomological network. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 610-624. doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.819511
Oishi, S., Schimmack, U., & Diener, E. (2001). Pleasures and subjective well-being. European Journal of Personality, 15, 153-167.
Reeve, J. (1992) Understanding motivation and emotion, Harcourt, Brace, Jonanovich, Fort Worth, TX.
Schüler, J., Job, V., Fröhlich, S. M., & Brandstätter, V. (2008). A high implicit affiliation motive does not always make you happy: A corresponding explicit motive and corresponding behavior are further needed. Motivation and Emotion, 32, 231-242.
Steers, R.M. & Porter, L.W. (1991). Motivation and work behavior. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Theodorakis, N. D., Wann, D. L., Nassis, P., & Luellen, T. B. (2012). The relationship between sport team identification and the need to belong. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing. 12, 25-38.
Wann, D. L. (2002). Preliminary validation of a measure for assessing identification as a sport fan: The Sport Fandom Questionnaire. International Journal of Sport Management, 3, 103-115.
Wann, D. L. (2006). Understanding the positive social psychological benefits of sport team identification: The Team Identification – Social Psychological Health Model. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 10, 272-296.
Wann, D. L., & Branscombe, N. R. (1993). Sports fans: Measuring degree of identification with the team. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 1-17.
Wann, D. L., Brasher, M., Thomas, D. L., & Scheuchner, H. L. (2015). Generalizing the Team Identification – Social Psychological Health Model for adolescents. Journal of Sport Behavior, 38, 339-355.
Wann, D. L., & Craven, L. (2014). Further support for the Team Identification – Social Psychological Health Model: Relationships between identification of college sport teams, vitality, and social avoidance/distress among college students. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 7, 352-366.
Wann, D. L., Dimmock, J. A., & Grove, J. R. (2003). Generalizing the Team Identification– Psychological Health Model to a different sport and culture: The case of Australian Rules Football. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 7, 289-296.
Wann, D. L., & Ensor, C. L. (2001). The psychological health of 'joiners'. Psychological Reports, 89, 122. doi:10.2466/PR0.89.5.122-122
Wann, D. L., Hackathorn, J., & Sherman, M. R. (2017). Testing the team identification – social psychological health model: Mediational relationships among team identification, sport fandom, sense of belonging and meaning in life. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 21, 94-107.
Wann, D. L., & Hamlet, M. A. (1994). The Joiners Scale: Validation of a measure of social-complexity. Psychological Reports, 74, 1027-1034.
Wann, D. L., & Hamlet, M. A. (1996). Being a "joiner" and psychological well-being. Psychological Reports, 79, 1186.
Wann, D. L., Inman, S., Ensor, C. L., Gates, R. D., & Caldwell, D. S. (1999). Assessing the psychological well-being of sport fans using the Profile of Mood States: The importance of team identification. International Sports Journal, 3, 81-90.
Wann, D. L., & James, J. D. (2019) Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of fandom (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Wann, D. L., & Martin, J. (2008). The positive relationship between sport team identification and social psychological well-being: Identification with favorite teams versus local teams. Journal of Contemporary Athletics, 3, 81-91.
Wann, D. L., Martin, J., Grieve, F. G., & Gardner, L. (2008). Social connections at sporting events: Attendance and its positive relationship with state social psychological well-being. North American Journal of Psychology, 10, 229-238.
Wann, D. L., & Pierce, S. (2005). The relationship between sport team identification and social well-being: Additional evidence supporting the Team Identification – Social Psychological Health Model. North American Journal of Psychology, 7, 117-124.
Wann, D. L., Rogers, K., Dooley, K., & Foley, M. (2011). Applying the Team Identification—Social Psychological Health Model to older sport fans. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 72, 303-315.
Wann, D. L., Waddill, P. J., Brasher, M., & Ladd, S. (2015). Examining sport team identification, social connections, and social well-being among high school students. Journal of Amateur Sport, 1(2), 27-50.
Wann, D. L., Waddill, P. J., Polk, J., & Weaver, S. (2011). The Team Identification – Social Psychological Health Model: Sport fans gaining connections to others via sport team identification. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 15, 75-89.
Wann, D. L., & Weaver, S. (2009). Understanding the relationship between sport team identification and dimensions of social well-being. North American Journal of Psychology, 11, 219-230.