Coping Skills of International Skydivers
Keywords:
mental toughness, extreme sports, parachuting, genderAbstract
Today, there is a growing trend for athletes to participate in high-risk or extreme sports. In skydiving, there is minimal room for error with the ever-present possibility of catastrophic injury or death; therefore, a mindset tempered with the ability to cope with stress leading to an optimal outcome in this sport is crucial. From a psychological perspective, little is known about this sport. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify coping skills of international skydivers. Following written informed consent, 291 skydivers (216 males, 75 females; mean age = 37.3 ± 10.5 yrs) completed the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI; Smith et al., 1995), and the short form of the Sports Inventory for Pain (SIP-15; Bourgeois et al., 2009). Data were grouped by gender, skill level (rated, unrated), injury history (injured, noninjured), experience (0-500, 501-1999, 2000+ jumps), and domicile (foreign, USA). MANOVAs (Wilks’λ) indicated significant main effects across gender (F11,291 = 1.945; p = 0.034), skill level (F11,224 = 3.265; p < 0.0001), and injury history (F11,291 = 4.434; p = 0.001), but not across experience (F11,291 = 1.410; p = 0.102) or domicile (F11,279 = 0.827; p = 0.692). Post hoc analyses revealed that males scored significantly higher (p = .05 to .001) in COPE, PEAK, FREE, CONF, PCR, COP, SOM, and TCR than females. Rated skydivers responded significantly higher (p = .05 to .0001) in COPE, PEAK, FREE, CONF, PCR, and SOM than unrated peers. Competitors with injury history responded significantly higher (p = .05 to .0001) across most athletic coping subscales than noninjured skydivers. This study provided a unique profile into coping skills of skydivers not previously reported in the literature. Future research quantifying the association between coping response and type/severity of injury, as confirmed in other sport groups, is warranted.
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